ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the major viruses of acute respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. This work aimed to understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic features of HRV in Guangzhou, China. In addition, the clinical characteristics of hospitalized children infected with different subtype of HRV was investigated. METHODS: Hospitalized children aged < 14 years old with acute respiratory tract infections were enrolled from August 2018 to December 2019. HRV was screened for by a real-time reverse-transcription PCR targeting the viral 5'UTR. RESULTS: HRV was detected in 6.41% of the 655 specimens. HRV infection was frequently observed in children under 2 years old (57.13%). HRV-A and HRV-C were detected in 18 (45%) and 22 (55%) specimens. All 40 HRV strains detected were classified into 29 genotypes. The molecular evolutionary rate of HRV-C was estimated to be 3.34 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year and was faster than HRV-A (7.79 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year). Children who experienced rhinorrhoea were more common in the HRV-C infection patients than HRV-A. The viral load was higher in HRV-C detection group than HRV-A detection group (p = 0.0148). The median peak symptom score was higher in patients with HRV-C infection as compared to HRV-A (p = 0.0543), even though the difference did not significance. CONCLUSION: This study revealed the molecular epidemiological characteristics of HRV in patients with respiratory infections in southern China. Children infected with HRV-C caused more severe disease characteristics than HRV-A, which might be connected with higher viral load in patients infected with HRV-C. These findings will provide valuable information for the pathogenic mechanism and treatment of HRV infection.
Subject(s)
Picornaviridae Infections , Respiratory Tract Infections , Rhinovirus , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , China/epidemiology , Enterovirus , Genetic Variation , Humans , Infant , Phylogeny , Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Rhinovirus/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective: Under the COVID-19 epidemic, the Ministry of Education put forward the guidance of "suspended class, ongoing teaching and learning", and universities actively adopted the online teaching mode. This study focuses on the online teaching mode of " Experimental Immunology" theory course. It includes four aspects based on the overall goal of students ' core literacy cultivation:building the online teaching mode, strengthening the teaching norms to ensure the quality of teaching, cultivating the students ' autonomous learning ability and the ideological penetration in online teaching. This study will provide the basis for college teachers to properly use the online resources to develop online teaching.